Number of doctors in France: 250,200 practicing doctors in 2026

The key figures in one table#

The right answer depends on the question you ask. For people to reach, use 250,187 doctors. For doctors who buy for their own practice, use 136,985 private-practice doctors. For delivery or visit points, use about 50,300 medical practice addresses. To sell to hospitals or clinics, use the 280 employers of 100 doctors or more, which employ 64% of the salaried or mixed doctors; all employers together number 9,983. For accounts listed in the business registry, use 200,950 SIRET numbers (the French ID of a business location). These five numbers do not replace one another: the rest of the study explains what each one counts.

Why the number of doctors varies by source#

Three publications report different counts of practicing doctors. DREES is the research, studies, evaluation and statistics directorate of the French health ministry. It counts 242,185 practicing doctors on January 1, 2026, versus 237,214 a year earlier: +2.1%. The Ordre des médecins counts 245,847 on the same date, in its Atlas de la démographie médicale. Our reading of the public register of November 5, 2026 counts 250,187.

This register is called the RPPS. Each doctor is recorded in it, and the Agence du numérique en santé (France's digital health agency) publishes a copy every day on data.gouv.fr. We reviewed each doctor's record: 401,498 doctors are registered, 266,834 report at least one professional activity, and we exclude 16,647 students authorized to fill in for doctors. That leaves 250,187 doctors.

In practice: about 250,000 doctors practice in France at the end of 2026. The Ordre's projection gives almost the same number, 249,800. DREES applies its own activity rule: projected to November 5, it leaves 3,700 fewer doctors than our count. For a prospect list, we keep the broadest definition, the register's: a doctor who reports an activity is a doctor to reach.

What the other sources say

• DREES: 242,185 practicing doctors on January 1, 2026 (242,200 in its press release), 237,214 a year earlier, or 12.2% more since 2012.
• Ordre des médecins, Atlas 2026: 245,847 practicing doctors, of whom 205,214 in regular activity, out of 343,562 registered on the roll, on January 1, 2026. 27% of registered doctors are retired and no longer practice.
• RPPS register, our count: 250,187 doctors reporting at least one activity on November 5, 2026, students excluded.
• Sirene, codes 86.21Z, 86.22A, 86.22B and 86.22C: 200,950 establishments open on October 1, 2026.
• Insee, Esane 2023: 131,975 businesses under the four codes, generating €35.5 billion in revenue.

How much revenue do doctors generate?#

There are three ways to answer, and they cannot be compared.

Business revenue. Insee publishes business financial data by activity code. In 2023, the four activity codes for doctors covered 131,975 businesses with €35.5 billion in revenue, excluding taxes. General medicine (86.21Z) accounts for €17.9 billion in revenue across 80,010 businesses. Other specialists (86.22C) account for €12.1 billion in revenue, radiology and radiotherapy (86.22A) for €3.4 billion, and surgery (86.22B) for €2.0 billion. Do not divide this total by the number of doctors: one company can bring together several doctors, and salaried doctors have none.

Fees. Assurance maladie (France's national health insurance system) publishes reimbursement figures for doctors in private practice. In 2024, the 51,775 general practitioners participating in the national health insurance agreement billed €9.4 billion in fees. A private-practice doctor collects €305,000 in fees on average: €191,000 for a general practitioner, €434,000 for a specialist, €878,000 for a radiologist and €723,000 for an ophthalmologist. These are fees, not income: the doctor pays for their practice, staff and expenses out of that sum.

Financial statements from medical practice companies. This is our measure. 1,006 medical practice companies report revenue for a fiscal year ending in 2024 or later. Half make less than about €911,000 a year. The gap between specialties is large:

A radiology practice company thus generates five times the revenue of a general medicine practice company. 211 companies make €5 million or more. The top 10 account for 13.6% of the revenue of these 1,006 companies.

Medical practice companies by revenue band

Revenue band	Medical practice companies	Share
Under €100,000	40	4.0%
€100,000 to half a million	310	30.8%
Half a million to €1 million	184	18.3%
€1 million to €5 million	261	25.9%
€5 million or more	211	21.0%
Total of companies that publish recent revenue	1,006	100%

This measure covers companies only. Doctors who practice in their own name do not publish their accounts: they are absent from this table. The revenue is the company's, all activities combined.

Which NAF code for a doctor?#

Insee classifies doctors' activity under four NAF codes (the French activity classification codes, also called APE codes). 86.21Z covers general practitioners, 86.22A radiology and radiotherapy, 86.22B surgery, and 86.22C other specialists. Care given in hospitals falls under another code, 86.10Z.

In the Sirene registry of October 1, 2026, 200,950 open establishments carry one of these four codes: 110,879 in general medicine, 71,412 for other specialists, 9,433 in radiology and 9,226 in surgery.

These codes will change. The new classification, NAF 2025, takes effect on January 1, 2027 (decree of July 31, 2025). 86.21Z becomes 86.21Y. The three specialist codes, 86.22A, 86.22B and 86.22C, merge into a single one, 86.22Y: 90,071 establishments will have only one code. Radiology will no longer stand out by its APE code, and a filter by code will no longer be enough to target a single specialty.

There are seven ways to read this market, and a filter by code covers only one:

• the universe: doctors registered in the register, then those who practice;
• the specialty: general practitioner or specialist;
• the channel: private practice, salaried or both;
• the site: practice, hospital, health center;
• the decision maker: the doctor alone, the practice or the employer;
• the structure: independent practice, chain, network or buying group;
• the territory: region and département (a French administrative division).

Filtering by code therefore does not give a complete picture of the market: a SIRET number is not a practice (level 6). The following sections read the market level by level.

Market vocabulary#

A few terms recur throughout the study. Here they are in plain terms.

The fifteen terms, one line each

Term	Simple definition
Practicing doctor	Doctor registered in the register who reports at least one activity, students excluded
RPPS	The register where each health professional is recorded; a public copy is posted online every day
Private-practice doctor	Self-employed doctor who bills patients directly
Salaried	Doctor employed by a hospital, a clinic, a health center, a company or a local government
Mixed	Doctor who is both in private practice and salaried
Practice	The place where one or more private-practice doctors work; we count addresses, which can bring together several practices
SIRET	The number of an establishment in the business registry; a doctor can have one, several or none
Professional practice company (SEL, société d'exercice libéral)	Company in which doctors practice together (SELARL or SELAS)
Civil company that shares resources (SCM, société civile de moyens)	Company through which self-employed doctors share office space and administrative staff while maintaining separate practices
Health center	Care facility that employs salaried doctors
Multidisciplinary health center (maison de santé pluriprofessionnelle)	Group practice where doctors and other health professionals work; 2,981 at the end of 2025
Secteur 1, secteur 2, OPTAM	Secteur 1: rates set by France's national health insurance system. Secteur 2: extra fees allowed. OPTAM: contract that limits these extra fees
Player	All the establishments that belong to the same owner, per our groupings
Independent	Practice or center that is not part of any chain, franchise, banner, buying group or network; the doctor or partners decide alone
Network	Chain, group or federation of ten establishments or more, linked by the same company, website or trading name

Level 1. The universe: 401,498 registered, 250,187 practicing#

The first level is the broadest: from those registered in the register to the doctors who practice.

Women make up a growing share of the profession: 127,786 of these doctors are women, or 51.1% (51% per DREES). 11% of doctors earned their degree abroad, per DREES.

Level 2. The specialty: general practitioners and specialists#

In the register of November 5, 2026, 104,022 doctors have general medicine as their specialty, or 41.6%, and 146,161 another specialty. DREES gives the same picture on January 1, 2026: 100,974 general practitioners and 141,211 doctors in other specialties. The number of general practitioners is up +1.0% in one year, after falling every year between 2018 and 2024. Other specialties grow faster: +2.9% in one year.

Chart data

Specialty (RPPS register, November 5, 2026)	Doctors
Psychiatry	15,573
Anesthesiology and critical care	13,447
Radiology	9,634
Pediatrics	9,449
Gynecology	8,139
Cardiology	7,672
Ophthalmology	6,290
Occupational medicine	4,892
Orthopedic surgery	4,405
Gastroenterology	4,131

For anyone who sells to doctors, the share in private practice matters as much as the headcount. Here are the eleven largest specialties, with the share of doctors who work in private practice, either exclusively or alongside a salaried position:

All the register's specialties, title by title

Specialty title (RPPS register, November 5, 2026; titles as written in the register)	Doctors	Share of doctors	Share in private practice
Médecine générale	104,022	41.6%	65%
Psychiatrie	15,573	6.2%	43%
Anesthesie-réanimation	13,447	5.4%	40%
Radio-diagnostic	9,634	3.9%	77%
Pédiatrie	9,449	3.8%	36%
Cardiologie et maladies vasculaires	7,672	3.1%	73%
Ophtalmologie	6,290	2.5%	80%
Gynécologie-obstétrique	6,271	2.5%	57%
Médecine du travail	4,892	2.0%	1%
Chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie	4,405	1.8%	73%
Gastro-entérologie et hépatologie	4,131	1.7%	54%
Dermatologie et vénéréologie	3,778	1.5%	76%
Gériatrie	3,614	1.4%	7%
Neurologie	3,575	1.4%	36%
Pneumologie	3,525	1.4%	41%
Médecine d'urgence	3,177	1.3%	9%
Biologie médicale	2,920	1.2%	41%
Médecine physique et réadaptation	2,742	1.1%	18%
Rhumatologie	2,639	1.1%	59%
Médecine interne	2,547	1.0%	12%
Néphrologie	2,281	0.9%	31%
Chirurgie générale	2,072	0.8%	42%
Endocrinologie et métabolisme	1,914	0.8%	45%
Chirurgie urologique	1,899	0.8%	73%
Oncologie option médicale	1,796	0.7%	19%
Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques	1,755	0.7%	45%
Chirurgie viscérale et digestive	1,701	0.7%	49%
Santé publique et médecine sociale	1,589	0.6%	1%
Médecine vasculaire	1,586	0.6%	82%
O.R.L et chirurgie cervico faciale	1,522	0.6%	66%
Oto-rhino-laryngologie	1,498	0.6%	76%
Gynécologie médicale	1,366	0.5%	66%
Médecine intensive-réanimation	1,200	0.5%	9%
Chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique	1,173	0.5%	88%
Oncologie option radiothérapie	1,112	0.4%	58%
Médecine nucléaire	934	0.4%	73%
Chirurgie vasculaire	756	0.3%	67%
Neuro-chirurgie	751	0.3%	49%
Chirurgie thoracique et cardio-vasculaire	676	0.3%	54%
Endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition	529	0.2%	23%
Maladies infectieuses et tropicales	506	0.2%	6%
Gynécologie médicale et obstétrique	502	0.2%	70%
Médecine interne et immunologie clinique	502	0.2%	6%
Hématologie	491	0.2%	8%
Chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie	490	0.2%	86%
Allergologie	471	0.2%	70%
Hématologie (option Maladie du sang)	431	0.2%	11%
Chirurgie infantile	404	0.2%	39%
Radiologie et imagerie médicale opt radio inter av	403	0.2%	55%
Génétique médicale	373	0.1%	3%
Psychiatrie option enfant et adolescent	370	0.1%	15%
Psychiatrie option enfant & adolescent	351	0.1%	37%
Stomatologie	264	0.1%	80%
Médecine légale et expertises médicales	166	0.1%	4%
Pédiatrie option néonatologie	163	0.1%	6%
Gynéco-obstétrique et Gynéco médicale option Gynéco-obst	160	0.1%	72%
CHIRURGIE ORALE	133	0.1%	82%
Méd cardiovasculaire opt imagerie cardio d'expert	128	0.1%	48%
Hématologie (option Onco-hématologie)	107	0.0%	9%
Hématologie (réforme 2017)	101	0.0%	5%
Méd cardiovasculaire opt card interventionnelle	99	0.0%	42%
Chirurgie maxillo-faciale	81	0.0%	80%
Radio-thérapie	80	0.0%	59%
Biologie médicale option biologie générale	79	0.0%	58%
Chirurgie maxillo-faciale (réforme 2017)	79	0.0%	51%
Pédiatrie option neuropédiatrie	69	0.0%	14%
Neuro-psychiatrie	65	0.0%	72%
Pédiatrie option pneumopédiatrie	63	0.0%	21%
Biologie médicale option hématologie et immunologie	61	0.0%	38%
Méd cardiovasculaire opt rythmo inter stimu card	60	0.0%	27%
Psychiatrie option psychiatrie de la personne âgée	56	0.0%	12%
Oncologie (option onco-hématologie)	49	0.0%	35%
Biologie médicale option biologie de la reproduction	47	0.0%	34%
Biologie médicale option médecine moléculaire, génétique et pharmacologie	47	0.0%	17%
Pédiatrie option réanimation pédiatrique	47	0.0%	2%
Biologie médicale option agents infectieux	46	0.0%	30%
Chirurgie pédiatrique option orthopédie pédiatrique	38	0.0%	18%
Néphrologie option soins intensifs néphrologiques	27	0.0%	15%
Chirurgie pédiatrique option chirurgie viscérale pédiatrique	25	0.0%	20%
Gynéco-obstétrique et Gynéco médicale option Gynéco-médicale	21	0.0%	90%
Qualification PAC	18	0.0%	6%
Santé publique option administration de la santé	18	0.0%	0%
Ophtalmologie opt chir ophtalmopéd strabologique	14	0.0%	71%
ORL - chir cervico-faciale opt audiophonologie	13	0.0%	23%
Pneumologie option soins intensifs respiratoires	12	0.0%	8%
Recherche médicale	10	0.0%	0%
Anesthésie-réanimation opt réanimation-pédiatrique	9	0.0%	0%
Urologie	8	0.0%	62%
Obstétrique	5	0.0%	40%
Chirurgie viscérale et digestive opt endo chir	4	0.0%	25%
Médecine intensive-réanimation opt réa pédiatrique	3	0.0%	33%
Neurologie opt trait interv ischémie céréb aigüe	1	0.0%	0%

The register counts specialty tracks (such as “Psychiatrie option enfant et adolescent,” or child and adolescent psychiatry) and former specialty names separately. 4 doctors have no specialty.

The gynecology total combines three specialty categories in the register.

The message for a seller is clear. Ophthalmology, radiology, dermatology and cardiology are private-practice markets: 7 in 10 doctors or more practice on their own account, and each one buys for their practice. Psychiatry, anesthesiology, pediatrics, geriatrics and emergency medicine are employer markets: the hospital or clinic decides. Occupational medicine is almost entirely salaried: 1% in private practice.

In practice, a pharmaceutical company specializing in ophthalmology targets medical practices, while an anesthesia equipment manufacturer targets hospital or clinic management. The specialty determines whom to approach.

Level 3. The channel: private practice, salaried or both#

The register distinguishes three types of practice. 102,201 doctors are in private practice only (40.8%), 34,784 are both in private practice and salaried (13.9%), and 112,836 are salaried only (45.1%). The 366 doctors who volunteer or have no practice type listed are counted separately. In all, 136,985 doctors have a private-practice activity, alone or mixed with salaried work: 54.8% of doctors.

DREES figures as of January 1, 2026 show the same pattern: 101,088 doctors exclusively in private practice, 32,089 combining private practice and salaried work, 73,887 hospital employees and 35,121 other salaried doctors. The Ordre gives 41.6% in private practice only, 11.4% mixed and 47% salaried.

The specialty changes the split. Among general practitioners, 67,827 have a private-practice activity, alone or mixed with salaried work, against 36,016 salaried only. Among specialists, 69,158 are in private practice or mixed, against 76,816 salaried only. Specialists are therefore more often salaried than general practitioners.

In practice: a general practitioner more often buys for their own practice, a specialist is more often an employee. Each group calls for a different prospect list.

Level 4. The site: practices, hospitals, health centers#

Grouping the register's activities by address, we count 67,930 practice addresses, or about 67,900.

A doctor who works at two sites is counted at both, so the entries in the "Doctors working there" column should not be summed. The last column counts each doctor once, at the site of their first listed activity, for a total of 250,187 doctors.

Medical practices thus occupy about 50,300 addresses. An address is not always a single practice: all 100 randomly selected addresses reviewed twice are medical practice sites, but 16 bring together several practices with no visible link between them, typically a medical building, or about one address in six. Of the 50,334 addresses, 24,358, or 48%, have a phone number in the register, and only 12,160, or 24%, carry a SIRET number in the register: to link a practice to its company, you have to go through the name of its doctors. More than half, 28,443 or 57%, have only one doctor. At the other end, 5,102 bring together six doctors or more. 16,789 addresses have from 2 to 5 doctors, and 30,997 at least one general practitioner.

Health centers are few but large: 7 doctors per address on average. At the end of 2025, the Direction de la Sécurité sociale (France's directorate responsible for its social security system) reported 729 health centers and 2,981 multidisciplinary health centers (maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles) providing coordinated care. To go further on health and social care facilities, see our guide to the FINESS database (FINESS is France's register of health and social care facilities).

The register also shows a new place of practice: 5,063 doctors report an activity in a telehealth company. These companies have been licensed by the government since a decree of February 29, 2024. We find them again below among the employers.

Level 5. Who decides: the doctor, their practice or their employer?#

This is the level that matters most for a sales team. A doctor who works exclusively in private practice makes their own purchasing decisions. A salaried doctor does not decide: their employer buys for them. A doctor who combines salaried work with private practice is counted under their employer and also makes purchasing decisions for their own practice.

Chart data

Who decides (RPPS register, November 5, 2026)	Doctors	Share
Private practice, alone at their address	19,181	7.7%
Private practice, at an address shared by 2 to 5 doctors	31,273	12.5%
Private practice, at an address shared by 6 doctors or more	42,545	17.0%
Private practice, no address in the register	9,202	3.7%
Employer: public hospital (salaried and mixed)	84,612	33.8%
Employer: clinic or private facility	13,763	5.5%
Employer: health center	7,910	3.2%
Other employer (company, local government, occupational medicine…)	30,811	12.3%
Employer: facility providing health and social care	6,071	2.4%
Employer: telehealth company (the doctor's first employer)	3,706	1.5%
Employer: practice	747	0.3%
Type of practice not stated or volunteer	366	0.1%
Total practicing doctors	250,187	100%

Doctors in private practice decide for themselves. Of the 102,201 doctors exclusively in private practice, 19,181 are the only doctor at their address, 31,273 share an address with a total of 2 to 5 doctors, and 42,545 work at an address with 6 doctors or more. 9,202 have no address in the register. In group practices, several people often make purchasing decisions together, so the record for the location matters as much as the record for the doctor.

Salaried doctors depend on an employer. The 147,620 salaried or mixed doctors work for 9,983 employers identified in the register; for 10,542 of them, no salaried activity names its employer. An employer here is the SIREN number (the French company ID) of the site where the doctor works as a salaried employee in the register, or failing that the legal entity of their facility. Employment is highly concentrated: 13 employers have 1,000 doctors or more, and 280 have 100 or more. These 280 employers bring together 94,543 of these doctors, or 64% of the 147,620 (doctors with no known employer included in the denominator). Conversely, 8,469 employers have fewer than 10. The top 10 employers employ 25,757, or 17.4% of the salaried or mixed doctors: the table adds up to a little more, because a doctor who works for two of these employers counts twice there.

Two telehealth companies are among the top five employers. 13,778 salaried activities have no employer that can be identified in the register; 10,542 doctors have none that names one. A doctor can work for a telehealth company and for a hospital: they count at each of their employers in this list, at only one in the figure's table.

In practice, sellers of hospital equipment can target a few hundred employers; for practice software, the buyers are the 136,985 doctors who work in private practice, either exclusively or alongside salaried work.

Level 6. Chains, networks and independents: how the market is structured#

The doctors' market is made up of independent practices, not part of a chain, franchise, banner or buying group. Of the 199,028 doctors' establishments in the Sirene registry (the 200,950 SIRET numbers, once those of the same site are merged), 3,797, or 1.9%, belong to one of the 194 networks of 10 establishments or more that we found: health centers run as branches, eye care or radiology centers, SOS Médecins. No franchise is confirmed. Public bodies run 2,804, or 1.4%, mostly the departments' protection maternelle et infantile centers. The other 192,427, or 96.7%, are independent practices and centers.

This 96.7% is a maximum: groups of fewer than 10 establishments and members of cooperative buying groups, such as the Vidi radiologists' network, are not removed from it. Among these independents, 40,199 establishments share a doctor, a company or a website with others, most often a doctor with two addresses.

The Sirene registry counts 200,950 open establishments under the four doctor codes, four times the medical practice addresses in the register. The reason lies in the legal form: 158,001 of these establishments, or 78.6%, are sole proprietors. A doctor in private practice working in their own name has their own SIRET number, even in a group practice, and sometimes a second one for another consultation site. The others are mostly professional practice companies (20,769 SELARL and 4,370 SELAS, the French professional practice companies), associations (4,896), civil companies that share premises and secretarial staff (2,439) and departments (2,097; France's administrative areas), which run the protection maternelle et infantile centers (public mother-and-child health centers).

Of the 119,121 sole proprietors whose name is published, 101,597 bear the first and last name of a doctor practicing in the register, or 85%. The other 38,880 asked that the registry publish neither their name nor their address. Scalon commissioned two independent reviews of 100 establishments randomly selected from the 200,950; the reviews agreed on all 100. Of these 100, 68 show evidence of an active doctor or medical facility, 26 provide no evidence either way (often because the name is withheld and no listing is available), and 6 show no sign of activity; 100 establishments are too few to estimate the proportion across the entire registry. For these 100 establishments, membership in a company with several establishments confirms our classification in every case. Our guide to the Sirene database explains how to read this registry.

Groupings by company, website or email, in detail

To find the networks, we grouped these establishments into players: each player comprises establishments that share a SIREN number, a trading name, a website domain or an email domain. 152,228 establishments, or 76.5%, stand alone in their player; the other 46,800 belong to 16,267 players with 2 establishments or more. This sharing counts registry entries, not practices: most stand-alone establishments are doctors registered in their own name, even in a group practice. In the register, 73,818 doctors who work exclusively in private practice share an address with at least one other doctor, compared with 19,181 who are the only doctor at their address.

Player size	Players	Establishments	Share of establishments
1 establishment	152,228	152,228	76.5%
2 establishments	11,287	22,574	11.3%
3 to 5 establishments	4,176	14,348	7.2%
6 to 20 establishments	716	6,155	3.1%
21 establishments or more	88	3,723	1.9%
Total establishments	168,495	199,028	100%

Who are these players with several establishments? Mostly not chains of practices: 8,949 are doctors with several addresses and 4,797 are practice or commercial companies.

Type of player	Players	Establishments	Share of establishments
Doctor with several addresses	8,949	20,917	10.5%
Practice or commercial company	4,797	14,241	7.2%
Shared website or email	1,697	5,542	2.8%
Local government or public body	235	2,804	1.4%
Association or foundation	294	2,114	1.1%
Civil company	166	465	0.2%
Mutual insurer or Social Security body	32	405	0.2%
Other form	96	270	0.1%
Network operating under a shared trading name (SOS Médecins)	1	42	0.0%
Establishments standing alone in their player	152,228	152,228	76.5%
Total establishments	168,495	199,028	100%

A doctor who opens a second practice in their name forms a player with two establishments: that is not a chain. Public bodies' establishments are mostly those of the departments: 2,088 sites in 81 departments.

The market remains highly fragmented. The top ten players, private or public, hold only 0.6% of establishments.

Networks and chains of doctors, by type#

The 194 networks have 10 establishments or more, excluding departments and municipalities, doctors with several addresses and booking platforms; they include public hospital sites linked by a shared website, such as AP-HP, AP-HM, the CHU de Nice or the CHRU de Strasbourg. We classify them according to the evidence available about their organizational structure.

Branch networks. All establishments are under one SIREN number. The largest are the association Addictions France (186 establishments), the French miners' social insurance fund, which runs the Filieris health centers (169, plus 80 and 40 for two regional funds), the Association interprofessionnelle des centres médicaux et sociaux d'Île-de-France, ACMS (69), Résonance Imagerie (53), MC2A (43) and the Croix-Rouge française (35).

Multi-company networks. The best known is Point Vision, eye care centers: 70 establishments under 51 companies in 11 regions. These practices are organized as SELAS under a holding company; the group reports 65 practices and 370 ophthalmologists. Next come Medipath (46), Ophtalliance (39) and Radiolor (30).

Groups proven in the registry. We traced, in the business registry, the parent companies of 100 of the 2,274 companies and associations that have 3 establishments or more; the survey of all 2,274 could not be completed on November 6. Of these 100 companies, 6 belong to 5 groups of several companies, 3 of which have a verified parent company; the other 94 are not part of any multi-company group in the registry. The largest is Elsan Santé Holding, a group of private clinics: 213 companies, including those of 44 doctor establishments in our survey. The others are groups of radiologists, such as ACRIM or Imagis, and an association. This review covers only 100 of the 2,274 companies concerned, selected in SIREN-number order; it identifies groups but does not measure their market share.

The heads of the 35 multi-company networks. For the 35 multi-company networks in the table above (695 establishments), we traced parent companies, subsidiaries and companies run by the same executive in the business registry as of November 6, starting from one company in each network. The registry proves a group for 10 of them, which together hold 160 doctor establishments in our survey. 7 sit under a company, 6 of them with a verified parent company: Ocean Imagerie (23 establishments), Ophtalliance (21) or Radiolor (11). 3 are held by the same executive, including two Point Vision centers and their real estate companies (7 doctor establishments). For the other 25, Medipath included, the company we checked has no verified parent company or subsidiary in the registry: whatever ties the network together does not show up there.

A federation. SOS Médecins counts 42 establishments in our survey, and 63 associations according to the federation.

Networks revealed by a shared website. These include the Accès Vision centers (38), the CMSI specialized medicine centers (29) and pages of clinic groups where private-practice doctors work. We cannot say who owns these establishments.

In medical imaging, corporate groups are gaining ground, but market concentration remains low: per DREES, in 2022 the top five groups held about 7% of activity counting only their majority stakes, and more than 20% counting stakes of 20% or more, against more than 45% in lab medicine. The cooperative network Vidi brings together 77 groups of independent radiologists and 440 centers.

In practice: the multi-company networks we see are mostly eye care, radiology and pathology centers (Point Vision, Ophtalliance, Radiolor, Medipath), with a central contact.

Level 7. Where do doctors practice?#

Per DREES, France has 350.6 doctors per 100,000 inhabitants on January 1, 2026, of whom 146.2 general practitioners. The gap between departments is large: Paris has 970 doctors per 100,000 inhabitants, Hautes-Alpes 529, Rhône 471 and Bouches-du-Rhône 470, against 179 in Eure, 174 in Ain and 83 in Mayotte.

For general practitioners alone, the least well-served departments are Eure-et-Loir (82 per 100,000 inhabitants), Seine-et-Marne (87) and Eure (91), not counting Mayotte (43). Hautes-Alpes has 295 and Paris 246.

Headcounts, meanwhile, come from the register. Île-de-France has 53,076 doctors, of whom 25,613 in private practice, ahead of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (27,248) and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (20,711). Each doctor's region is based on their first listed activity.

Doctors by region

Region (RPPS register, November 5, 2026)	Doctors	Share of doctors	Of which in private practice
Île-de-France	53,076	21.2%	25,613
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes	27,248	10.9%	14,625
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur	20,711	8.3%	12,805
Nouvelle-Aquitaine	20,560	8.2%	11,876
Occitanie	19,896	8.0%	11,754
Hauts-de-France	17,418	7.0%	9,070
Grand Est	17,237	6.9%	9,594
Bretagne	11,573	4.6%	6,098
Pays de la Loire	11,106	4.4%	6,138
Normandie	9,657	3.9%	5,050
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté	8,163	3.3%	4,234
Overseas territories	6,704	2.7%	3,116
Centre-Val de Loire	6,506	2.6%	3,568
Corse	1,135	0.5%	717
Region not stated	19,197	7.7%	12,727
Total practicing doctors	250,187	100%	136,985

Doctors by department, headcount and density

Department (DREES, January 1, 2026)	Doctors	Per 100,000 inhabitants	General practitioners per 100,000 inhabitants
Ain (01)	1,214	174	95
Aisne (02)	1,219	236	105
Allier (03)	951	288	132
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (04)	511	300	168
Hautes-Alpes (05)	772	529	295
Alpes-Maritimes (06)	5,385	466	169
Ardèche (07)	809	239	127
Ardennes (08)	620	237	120
Ariège (09)	469	298	179
Aube (10)	726	236	111
Aude (11)	1,121	294	144
Aveyron (12)	711	255	143
Bouches-du-Rhône (13)	9,964	470	179
Calvados (14)	2,956	411	176
Cantal (15)	398	277	159
Charente (16)	890	252	125
Charente-Maritime (17)	2,388	348	187
Cher (18)	583	197	100
Corrèze (19)	792	328	139
Côte-d'Or (21)	2,320	428	165
Côtes-d'Armor (22)	1,694	274	146
Creuse (23)	335	291	186
Dordogne (24)	1,042	247	131
Doubs (25)	2,002	366	165
Drôme (26)	1,656	313	152
Eure (27)	1,083	179	91
Eure-et-Loir (28)	868	200	82
Finistère (29)	3,650	386	189
Corse-du-Sud (2A)	637	364	159
Haute-Corse (2B)	608	319	156
Gard (30)	2,434	309	132
Haute-Garonne (31)	6,064	399	156
Gers (32)	476	247	137
Gironde (33)	7,651	441	179
Hérault (34)	5,682	449	172
Ille-et-Vilaine (35)	4,306	375	161
Indre (36)	450	212	105
Indre-et-Loire (37)	2,496	400	159
Isère (38)	4,537	345	149
Jura (39)	673	262	148
Landes (40)	1,478	331	179
Loir-et-Cher (41)	809	247	118
Loire (42)	2,677	344	157
Haute-Loire (43)	601	262	156
Loire-Atlantique (44)	5,383	354	160
Loiret (45)	1,603	230	99
Lot (46)	519	292	154
Lot-et-Garonne (47)	851	254	116
Lozère (48)	216	283	156
Maine-et-Loire (49)	2,995	355	161
Manche (50)	1,333	268	131
Marne (51)	2,198	395	164
Haute-Marne (52)	419	254	128
Mayenne (53)	597	197	106
Meurthe-et-Moselle (54)	3,066	421	171
Meuse (55)	379	214	123
Morbihan (56)	2,872	359	185
Moselle (57)	2,894	276	124
Nièvre (58)	458	230	122
Nord (59)	9,665	370	155
Oise (60)	1,748	211	101
Orne (61)	684	252	126
Pas-de-Calais (62)	3,769	260	128
Puy-de-Dôme (63)	2,655	400	162
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (64)	3,134	433	206
Hautes-Pyrénées (65)	837	360	200
Pyrénées-Orientales (66)	1,710	336	157
Bas-Rhin (67)	4,962	423	171
Haut-Rhin (68)	2,343	304	131
Rhône (69)	9,128	471	166
Haute-Saône (70)	541	234	132
Saône-et-Loire (71)	1,515	276	127
Sarthe (72)	1,343	238	111
Savoie (73)	1,901	418	217
Haute-Savoie (74)	2,922	330	154
Paris (75)	19,866	970	246
Seine-Maritime (76)	4,371	346	142
Seine-et-Marne (77)	2,975	198	87
Yvelines (78)	3,944	260	101
Deux-Sèvres (79)	913	244	125
Somme (80)	2,118	378	166
Tarn (81)	1,180	293	136
Tarn-et-Garonne (82)	644	240	119
Var (83)	3,683	321	150
Vaucluse (84)	1,883	325	138
Vendée (85)	1,742	238	124
Vienne (86)	1,585	363	154
Haute-Vienne (87)	1,438	386	166
Vosges (88)	976	277	150
Yonne (89)	731	222	104
Territoire de Belfort (90)	496	354	140
Essonne (91)	3,159	231	93
Hauts-de-Seine (92)	6,918	413	135
Seine-Saint-Denis (93)	4,162	238	96
Val-de-Marne (94)	5,704	396	121
Val-d'Oise (95)	3,050	234	92
Guadeloupe (971)	1,334	349	157
Martinique (972)	1,290	360	154
Guyane (973)	795	266	103
La Réunion (974)	3,578	393	178
Mayotte (976)	280	83	43

Île-de-France brings together 23.0% of the doctors with a known region. Nearly a quarter of France's doctors, 56,274, practice in just five departments: Paris, Bouches-du-Rhône, Nord, Rhône and Gironde.

Regional headcounts show how many doctors you can target, rather than how many doctors there are per resident. 19,197 doctors have no assigned region: 18,788 have no address in the register, and 409 practice in an overseas collectivity, of which 337 in French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna. The "Overseas territories" line counts the five overseas departments.

In practice: for a field team, start with the five departments that bring together nearly a quarter of doctors, then count in practices rather than in doctors.

A changing market: new registrations, closures and age#

The Sirene registry records new registrations and closures of medical establishments every year.

In 2025, the registry recorded 26,991 new medical establishments and 20,810 closures, for a net change of +6,181. These are registry entries: a doctor creates one when starting a practice, changing addresses or registering to fill in for another doctor, so this is not a count of new practices. 86.22C gained 3,400 establishments, 86.21Z 2,294. 60,393 establishments, or 30%, were created less than three years ago.

Doctors' ages will shape the market's future. On January 1, 2026, the average age of practicing doctors is 49.7, per DREES. 70,167 doctors are 60 or older, or 29%. Of these, 20,222 are already 70 or older: they are past retirement age and still practicing. Conversely, 76,148 doctors are under 40, or 31%.

In practice, nearly 3 in 10 contacts on a doctor prospect list are 60 or older. A list needs updating at least once a year.

Online booking, fee sector, telehealth: what the pages of 72,384 doctors show#

We matched public online booking pages to the register, doctor by doctor, by the RPPS number they show. 72,384 doctors, or 28.9%, take appointments online. The share rises to 49.2% among doctors in private practice only and falls to 7.4% among salaried ones. Among doctors in private practice, 69% take appointments online in both Hauts-de-Seine and Val-d'Oise, against 26% in Ardennes and under 23% in Martinique and La Réunion.

These pages also list each doctor's fee category under France's national health insurance system (secteur de conventionnement). Of the 25,585 general practitioners who list this category, 92% are in secteur 1 and charge the rates set by France's national health insurance system, with no extra fees. Among the 34,151 specialists who show it, 63% are in secteur 2, with or without OPTAM (a contract that limits extra fees), that is, with extra fees possible.

Chart data

Specialty	Doctors who take appointments online	Doctors in the specialty	Share
Ophthalmology	3,695	6,290	58.7%
Orthopedic surgery	2,496	4,405	56.7%
Obstetrics and gynecology	3,099	6,271	49.4%
Dermatology	1,866	3,778	49.4%
Cardiology	3,279	7,672	42.7%
Gastroenterology	1,740	4,131	42.1%
Radiology	3,064	9,634	31.8%
General medicine	30,834	104,022	29.6%
Pediatrics	2,671	9,449	28.3%
Psychiatry	2,878	15,573	18.5%
Anesthesiology and critical care	977	13,447	7.3%
All doctors	72,384	250,187	28.9%

Among the major specialties in the chart, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology have the highest online booking rates: close to one doctor in two, or more, accepts online appointments. Anesthesiology and critical care, occupational medicine and geriatrics, practiced mostly in hospitals, are almost absent.

How do you use these figures for a market study?#

Market research on doctors involves three questions. The figures in this study help answer all three.

Size the addressable market#

The right denominator depends on what you sell. A pharmaceutical company promoting a treatment starts with the specialty: 6,290 ophthalmologists, 7,672 cardiologists, 3,778 dermatologists. A practice software vendor starts from the 136,985 private-practice doctors, or from the 50,300 medical practice addresses if one license serves all the doctors at an address. A hospital equipment maker starts from the 280 employers of 100 doctors or more.

Segment#

Combine specialty, practice type, the number of doctors at each address, network affiliation and region. The person to contact at a location with six doctors or more differs from the contact for a solo practitioner. For a network like Point Vision, you negotiate once for 70 establishments; you approach an independent establishment individually.

Track a changing market#

The registry changes every year (a changing market): the market to reach this fall is not last year's. Date your list and rebuild it regularly.

How do you build a prospect list of doctors?#

Start from the segment: a specialty, a channel, an area. Then add the contact details.

The register gives a facility phone number for 171,902 doctors, or 69%. The register does not publish email addresses. In the public listings of the 199,028 establishments in the registry, 41.7% have a known phone number, 8.2% a website and 1.3% an email. Phone calls are therefore the main way to reach a practice; website and email details remain scarce. A doctor who accepts online appointments (see the previous section) is reachable, and offering remote consultations indicates that the practice has digital tools in place.

To redo this count for your area, download the Annuaire Santé (the French health professionals' directory) on data.gouv.fr (the file of professionals' activities). Filter for doctors in your target specialty and department who work in private practice. Group the records by address, then identify alternate spellings of the same address and separate practices that share an address. The RPPS number shown on a doctor's booking page gives you their sector and tells you whether they offer telehealth.

In practice: a prospect list of doctors is built in three steps. First the segment, with the register. Then the decision maker, private-practice doctor or employer. Finally the contact details and signals, with the public listings. Our prospect list guide details the method.

To compare with other health professions, see our counts of dentists, pharmacies, nursing homes (Ehpad) and hospitals.

Frequently asked questions about doctors in France#

How many doctors are there in France in 2026?#

250,187 doctors report an activity in the register of health professionals of November 5, 2026, students excluded. DREES counts 242,185 on January 1, 2026 and the Ordre 245,847.

How many general practitioners are there in France?#

104,022 in the register of November 5, 2026, or 41.6% of doctors. DREES counts 100,974 on January 1, 2026.

How many doctors are women?#

127,786 of the 250,187 practicing doctors in the register of November 5, 2026, or 51.1%.

How many doctors take appointments online?#

72,384, or 28.9% of practicing doctors: 49.2% of those in private practice only and 7.4% of salaried ones.

How many medical practices are there?#

About 50,300 practice addresses; about one address in six brings together several practices. 28,443 have only one doctor, 5,102 bring together six or more.

Why don't DREES, the Ordre and Scalon give the same number?#

The three count on different dates and with different rules. DREES and the Ordre count on January 1; our reading is from November 5. Projected to that date, DREES gives about 246,500 doctors and the Ordre about 249,800, against 250,187 for us.

What is the revenue of a medical practice?#

We have revenue data only for the 1,006 medical practice companies that publish financial statements, often the largest. Half make less than about €911,000 a year: about €621,000 in general medicine, €3.2 million in radiology. Doctors practicing as sole proprietors make up the largest group and do not publish financial statements.

Who are the biggest employers of doctors?#

AP-HP, with 10,941 doctors, ahead of the Hospices civils de Lyon (2,437), the telehealth company Qare (2,109) and Medadom (1,808). The top 10 employers employ 17.4% of the salaried or mixed doctors.

Are there chains of medical practices?#

Few. Of 199,028 doctors' establishments, 3,797, or 1.9%, are in a network of 10 establishments or more; there are 194: health centers, eye care centers such as Point Vision, radiology groups, SOS Médecins. No franchise is confirmed. At most 96.7% of establishments are independent practices.

Which APE code for a doctor in 2027?#

Today, 86.21Z for a general practitioner and 86.22A, 86.22B or 86.22C for a specialist. On January 1, 2027, 86.21Z becomes 86.21Y and the three specialist codes merge into 86.22Y.

Method#

The number of doctors comes from the RPPS register of November 5, 2026, read doctor by doctor, and from DREES (data as of January 1, 2026, published July 2, 2026). We cross-referenced its places of practice with the Sirene registry, company accounts and the public online booking pages gathered in the Scalon graph. Scalon reviewed some of the registry's establishments a second time.

Method details and limits

Doctors. "personne-activite" extract of the open-access RPPS (Agence du numérique en santé, data.gouv.fr, November 5, 2026): 401,498 registered doctors, of whom 266,834 with at least one activity line. We remove the 16,647 students (professional category "étudiant"): 250,187 doctors. Territory: all of France, overseas territories included; 7,113 of these doctors have their first activity overseas, of whom 6,704 in the five overseas departments and 409 in the collectivities (72 in Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin, 337 in the Pacific); 18,788 have no address in the register, and one reports only an activity abroad. General practitioner: general medicine as the specialty recognized by the Ordre on one of their activities; otherwise specialist. Type of practice: private practice only 102,201, salaried only 112,836, both 34,784, other 366. Sex: from the title (Mr./Ms.). DREES counts 242,185 doctors on January 1, 2026 in its detailed file "Médecins RPPS 2012-2026"; its counting rules (recent professional activities in France) cannot be reproduced using the public extract. Projections to November 5 extend the published annual trends (+2.1% for DREES, +1.9% for the Ordre). Age is not published in the register: ages come from DREES. The registry extract changes quickly: on November 1, it counted 247,985 doctors and 18,071 students, or 2,202 fewer doctors and 1,424 more students than on November 5; the public copy does not say why, and the November 1 copy is no longer online to match them doctor by doctor.

Edition history. November 3, 2026: first publication, 248,000 doctors (register copy of November 1, 247,985). November 6, 2026: copy of November 5 (250,187), study of buyers, employers, structures and networks, verification samples. November 9, 2026: "independent" takes its commercial meaning, not part of a chain, franchise, buying group or network; at most 96.7% of establishments are independent in that sense, instead of the 76.5% of establishments standing alone in their company, website or email; level 6 now starts with the market structure.

Addresses. An address groups activities that have the same postal code, the same number and the same street, written in capitals without accents; where no street is listed, the register's facility identifier is used instead. The address type is the most frequent activity sector of its doctors. Result: 67,930 addresses. This is an order of magnitude: two practices in the same building merge, an address written two ways counts twice. Verification: 100 practice addresses randomly selected from the 50,334 (seed 20261106), each reviewed twice independently using only the registry records; the reviews agreed on 100 out of 100 addresses. All are medical practice sites: 0 classification errors out of 100, with an error rate below 3.7% at 95% confidence. 16 bring together several practices with no visible link (between 10.1% and 24.4% of addresses at 95% confidence), 7 remain uncertain; two of the 16 bring together two doctors with the same family name. This check does not measure duplicate addresses with different spellings, so the number of distinct practices cannot be inferred from the 50,334 addresses. 18,788 doctors have no address in the register. Department and region: those of the first activity, taken from the municipality code.

Decision maker and employer. A doctor in private practice only is classified by the number of doctors at their address (alone, 2 to 5, 6 or more, no address). A salaried doctor is classified by the type of their salaried place of practice. The employer is the SIREN number of that site (the first 9 digits of the SIRET), failing that the legal entity of the FINESS register: 13,778 salaried activities remain with no identifiable employer. A mixed doctor counts at their employer and among those in private practice. The employer names in the list are those of the organizations.

Sirene registry. Establishment stock file of October 1, 2026 and legal unit file of the same month, data.gouv.fr. 200,950 establishments open under codes 86.21Z, 86.22A, 86.22B and 86.22C. Creations: the establishment's creation date; closures: the start of the closed period for closed establishments. A sole proprietor is linked to a practicing doctor when the last name and first given name in Sirene match the name used in the RPPS register; this yields a minimum count because differences in names prevent matches. Counts by legal form are accurate to within a few dozen.

Verification sample. 100 establishments drawn at random from the 200,950 open SIRET numbers (seed 20261106). For each: registry, number of establishments of the company under the four codes, linked register doctors, linked public listings. Using only these records, two independent reviews assessed whether medical activity was evident and whether the establishment belonged to a company or network with multiple establishments. Agreement: 100 out of 100 for each question; Scalon made the final determination in the 6 cases with no sign of activity. With no trace of activity at all: 6 out of 100; with a visible activity: 68 out of 100; the sample is too small to estimate the proportion across the registry (about 330 establishments would be needed for a margin of error of 5 percentage points). "Alone or in a company with several establishments" classification wrong in 0 cases out of 100: under 3.7% at 95% confidence. This check verifies grouping by company, but not groupings based on a shared website, email domain or trading name.

Review of a random sample. 30 of the unlinked sole proprietors with a published name, and 30 of the other establishments that are not a place of practice in the register, drawn at random (seed 20261103). Their public listings from establishment directories, professional directories and booking sites were read by Scalon: 10 show an active doctor or medical practice; the other 50 remain uncertain, of which 43 visible only in the registry. Scalon reviewed 20 of them a second time. These readings change no total.

Structure. Population: the 200,950 open establishments, grouped into 199,028 places in the Scalon graph. Companies: number of active establishments of the SIREN number, all activities (172,427 SIREN numbers found). Players: each establishment gets a single key, without linking establishments transitively: the domain of its website if it is shared and the sharing is proven, otherwise its verified trading name (SOS Médecins), otherwise the domain of its email, otherwise its SIREN number. The 199,028 establishments are the 200,950 SIRET numbers merged by site (a site can carry several SIRET numbers). Booking platforms, directories, website builders and hosts are excluded: 21 platform domains were reviewed, which detaches 390 establishments from these false groupings. The groupings were checked during the November 3, 2026 review; platforms with fewer than 10 establishments were not reviewed. Networks: players of 10 establishments or more, excluding local governments (departments, municipalities) and doctors with several addresses, public hospital sites included, classified by proof: a single SIREN number (branches), several companies linked in the registry or by a public source (group), federation declared on its website, shared website with no established type. A network with no shared domain, trading name or SIREN number cannot be identified by this method. Independents: establishments outside these networks and public bodies; groups of fewer than 10 establishments and members of cooperative buying groups remain among them, hence a maximum. Contact: phone, website and email of the public listings linked to the place; these shares are minimums, the linking of listings to the registry is incomplete.

Groups. Parent companies traced using business registry data as of November 6, 2026, following only links in which a company serves as president, manager or partner, for 100 of the 2,274 companies and associations of 3 establishments or more (SIREN-number order); the full survey was stopped with no result after 3 hours 10 minutes of registry calls. A group has at least two companies and two doctor establishments. The 35 multi-company networks: same rule, plus the search down to subsidiaries and companies run by the same executive, starting from the company that gives each network its key (survey of November 6, 2026, 427 registry records).

Revenue. Financial statements from medical practice companies in the Scalon graph: latest fiscal year ending in 2024 or later, revenue above zero, one SIREN number counted once. Of 5,829 SIREN numbers with a fiscal year, 4,794 are set aside (zero revenue or fiscal year before 2024); 1,035 companies remain, but 29 do not have medical practice as their primary activity (a company that employs an occupational physician, for example), leaving 1,006 medical practice companies. Typical figures are medians: half the companies make less. Sole proprietors do not publish accounts. The revenue is the company's, all activities combined. The Insee (Esane 2023) and Assurance maladie (2024 fees) benchmarks come from the publications cited.

Online booking pages. Public doctor pages read in the Scalon graph on November 6, 2026, linked to the register by the RPPS number they show: 112,513 practicing doctors have at least one page, 72,384 a page that takes appointments; the others have only a directory page. Each doctor is counted once, regardless of how many pages they have. Fee sector, telehealth, house calls, carte Vitale, payment methods and languages: fields declared on the page, counted among the doctors who show them. Department: that of the first activity in the register, for departments with 300 or more doctors in private practice. The listed prices were not included in the analysis.

Key takeaways#

• France has 250,187 practicing doctors on November 5, 2026. DREES (242,185) and the Ordre (245,847) count on January 1; projected to the same date, they give almost the same number.
• 136,985 doctors work in private practice, either exclusively or alongside salaried work, and make their own purchasing decisions.
• Doctors practice at about 50,300 medical practice addresses, of which 28,443 have only one doctor.
• Salaried doctors work for 9,983 identified employers; 280 of them bring together 64% of the salaried or mixed doctors.
• The market is made up of independent practices: 194 networks of 10 establishments or more hold 1.9% of doctors' establishments, and no franchise is confirmed; multi-company networks show up mostly in ophthalmology, radiology and pathology.
• A SIRET number is not a practice, and a practice is not a doctor. Before buying or building a list, define what you are counting: people, private-practice doctors, addresses or accounts.

Cite this study#

The full citation, with headcounts

Scalon Observatory, "Number of doctors in France: 250,200 practicing doctors in 2026", November 9, 2026: 250,187 doctors reporting at least one activity in the RPPS register of November 5, 2026, of whom 136,985 in private practice, at about 67,900 practice addresses, of which 50,334 medical practice addresses; 242,185 practicing doctors on January 1, 2026, of whom 100,974 general practitioners (DREES); 200,950 establishments open under codes 86.21Z, 86.22A, 86.22B and 86.22C in the Sirene registry on October 1, 2026; 9,983 employers of salaried doctors; 194 networks of 10 establishments or more hold 3,797 of the 199,028 doctors' establishments, no franchise proven. https://scalon.fr/en/observatory/number-of-doctors-in-france

Sources#

• 242 200 médecins en activité en France au 1er janvier 2026, DREES, 2 juillet 2026
• La démographie des professionnels de santé depuis 2012, fichier « Médecins RPPS 2012-2026 », data.drees
• Atlas de la démographie médicale 2026, tome 1, Conseil national de l'Ordre des médecins, mars 2026
• Annuaire Santé, extractions en libre accès des professionnels intervenant dans le système de santé (RPPS), fichiers du 5 novembre 2026, Agence du numérique en santé, data.gouv.fr
• Base Sirene des entreprises et de leurs établissements, fichiers stock d'octobre 2026, Insee, data.gouv.fr
• Statistiques structurelles d'entreprises (Esane) 2023, Insee
• Fiche médecins généralistes libéraux 2024, Assurance maladie
• Données des professionnels de santé libéraux, data.ameli
• Honoraires des médecins libéraux, Direction de la Sécurité sociale
• Développer l'exercice coordonné, maisons de santé, Direction de la Sécurité sociale
• Décret du 31 juillet 2025 portant la nomenclature NAF 2025, Légifrance
• Table de correspondance NAF rév. 2 et NAF 2025, Insee
• Biologie et imagerie médicale : la prédominance des groupes, DREES
• Rapport sur la financiarisation de l'offre de soins, IGAS et IGF, 2025
• Communiqué Point Vision, 22 janvier 2026
• SOS Médecins France, la fédération
• Note institutionnelle Vidi, 2026
• Plaquette Filieris, 2026
• Décret n° 2024-164 du 29 février 2024 relatif aux sociétés de téléconsultation, Légifrance
• Sous-classe 86.21Z, Activité des médecins généralistes, NAF rév. 2, Insee
• Sous-classe 86.22C, Autres activités des médecins spécialistes, NAF rév. 2, Insee